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(D) The reaction sequence is as follows:$1$. Benzene reacts with oleum $(H_2SO_4 + SO_3)$ to form benzenesulfonic acid.$2$. Benzenesulfonic acid react

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$X = 	ext{phenol}, Y = 	ext{2-hydroxybenzoic acid}$

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(D) The reaction sequence is as follows:$1$. Benzene reacts with oleum $(H_2SO_4 + SO_3)$ to form benzenesulfonic acid.$2$. Benzenesulfonic acid reacts with molten $NaOH$ followed by $H_3O^+$ to form phenol $(X)$.$3$. Phenol $(X)$ reacts with $NaOH$ to form sodium phenoxide.$4$. Sodium phenoxide reacts with $CO_2$ under pressure followed by $H_3O^+$ (Kolbe-Schmitt reaction) to form salicylic acid $(Y)$,which is $2$-hydroxybenzoic acid.Therefore,$X = 	ext{phenol}$ and $Y = 	ext{2-hydroxybenzoic acid}$.

The major products $X$ and $Y$ in the following sequence of transformations are:

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