It is because of the inability of ns^{2} elec | vedclass

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(D) The inability of $ns^{2}$ electrons of the valence shell to participate in bonding when moving down the group in heavier $p$-block elements is kno

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$Sn^{2+}$ is reducing while $Pb^{4+}$ is oxidising.

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(D) The inability of $ns^{2}$ electrons of the valence shell to participate in bonding when moving down the group in heavier $p$-block elements is known as the inert pair effect.As a result,$Pb(II)$ is more stable than $Pb(IV)$,and $Sn(IV)$ is more stable than $Sn(II)$.Since $Pb(IV)$ is unstable,it is easily reduced to $Pb(II)$,making $Pb(IV)$ a strong oxidizing agent.Since $Sn(II)$ is unstable,it is easily oxidized to $Sn(IV)$,making $Sn(II)$ a strong reducing agent.

It is because of the inability of $ns^{2}$ electrons of the valence shell to participate in bonding that:

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