What is a $p$-block element? Discuss the gaseous elements and metallic properties of $p$-block elements.

(N/A) Definition: Elements in which the last electron enters the $p$-orbital are known as $p$-block elements. Their general electronic configuration is $ns^{2} np^{1-6}$.
Gaseous Elements: The $p$-block contains several gaseous elements,primarily found in group $18$ (Noble gases like $He$,$Ne$,$Ar$,$Kr$,$Xe$,$Rn$) and some in groups $15$,$16$,and $17$ (e.g.,$N_2$,$O_2$,$F_2$,$Cl_2$).
Metallic Properties: The $p$-block is unique as it contains metals,non-metals,and metalloids.
$1$. Trend across a period: Moving from left to right,the non-metallic character increases due to an increase in effective nuclear charge and ionization enthalpy.
$2$. Trend down a group: Moving from top to bottom,the metallic character increases because the ionization enthalpy decreases,making it easier for atoms to lose electrons.