In a grease spot photometer,light from a lamp with a dirty chimney is exactly balanced by a point source at a distance of $10 \, cm$ from the grease spot. On cleaning the chimney,the point source is moved by $2 \, cm$ to obtain balance again. The percentage of light absorbed by the dirty chimney is nearly......$\%$

$A$ hemispherical glass body of radius $10\, cm$ and refractive index $1.5$ is silvered on its curved surface. $A$ small air bubble is $6\, cm$ below the flat surface inside it along the axis. The position of the image of the air bubble made by the mirror is seen:

$A$ horizontal parallel beam of light passes through a vertical convex lens of focal length $20 \,cm$ and is then reflected by a tilted plane mirror,so that it converges to a point $I$. The distance $P I$ is $10 \,cm$. $M$ is a point at which the axis of the lens intersects the mirror. The distance $P M$ is $10 \,cm$. The angle which the mirror makes with the horizontal is (in $^{\circ}$)

$A$ satisfactory photographic print is obtained when the exposure time is $10 \, s$ at a distance of $2 \, m$ from a $60 \, cd$ lamp. The time of exposure required for the same quality print at a distance of $4 \, m$ from a $120 \, cd$ lamp is $... \, s$.

$A$ cubic block of glass with refractive index $n_1$ is in contact with the surface of water with refractive index $n_2$. $A$ ray of light is incident on the vertical face of the block (see figure). After refraction,total internal reflection at the base,and refraction at the opposite vertical face,the ray emerges at an angle $\theta$. The value of $\theta$ is given by:

Which of the following phenomena are involved in the formation of a rainbow?