How do you distinguish between hypogeal germination and epigeal germination? What is the role of cotyledon$(s)$ and the endosperm in the germination of seeds?

(N/A) The differences between hypogeal and epigeal germination are as follows:
| Feature | Hypogeal Germination | Epigeal Germination |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Growth | Rapid growth of the epicotyl. | Rapid growth of the hypocotyl. |
| Cotyledons | Remain in the soil. | Come up above the soil surface. |
| Photosynthesis | Cotyledons are not green and do not perform photosynthesis. | Cotyledons become green and perform photosynthesis. |
| Examples | Maize,Rice | Bean,Peas |
Role of cotyledons and endosperm in seed germination:
$1$. Storage: Both cotyledons and endosperm act as storage organs for food (starch,proteins,and fats) required for the developing embryo.
$2$. Imbibition: Seeds absorb water (imbibition),which activates dormant enzymes.
$3$. Hydrolysis: Enzymes break down stored complex food materials into simpler,soluble forms (like glucose) that are easily transported to the growing radicle and plumule to provide energy and building materials for germination.