Give the rules for $IUPAC$ nomenclature for branched alkanes. Explain with an example.

(N/A) The nomenclature of branched alkanes follows these rules:
Rule-$1$: Identify the longest carbon chain in the molecule,which is known as the 'parent chain'.
Example: In the structure $(II)$ below,the longest chain contains $9$ carbon atoms,whereas structure $(I)$ only contains $8$ carbon atoms. Thus,$(II)$ is the correct parent chain.
Rule-$2$: Number the carbon atoms of the parent chain to identify the parent alkane and locate the positions of substituents (alkyl groups). The numbering should be done such that the substituted carbon atoms get the lowest possible locants.
For example,in the structure $(a)$,numbering from left to right gives substituents at $C_2$ and $C_6$. In structure $(b)$,numbering from right to left gives substituents at $C_4$ and $C_8$. Since $2 < 4$,the numbering in $(a)$ is correct.
Rule-$3$: The names of the alkyl groups attached as branches are prefixed to the name of the parent alkane. The position of each substituent is indicated by its corresponding number. If different alkyl groups are present,they are listed in alphabetical order.