| National Park | Sanctuary |
| $(1)$ National parks are established by central or state legislation. | $(1)$ Sanctuaries are established by the order of state or central government. |
| $(2)$ The protection status of a National Park is higher. | $(2)$ The protection status of a sanctuary is relatively lower. |
| $(3)$ No human habitation or private ownership is permitted. | $(3)$ Private ownership and limited human activities may be allowed. |
| $(4)$ Harvesting of timber,grazing,and collection of forest products are strictly prohibited. Example: $Corbett$ National Park. | $(4)$ These activities are allowed with specific permission. Example: $Chilka-Nalaban$ sanctuary for migratory birds. |
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| List-$I$ | List-$II$ |
|---|---|
| $A$. Over-exploitation | $i$. Sacred groves |
| $B$. Ex-situ conservation | $ii$. Passenger pigeon |
| $C$. Alien species invasions | $iii$. Botanical garden |
| $D$. In-situ conservation | $iv$. Nile perch |
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