Explain: Plasmolysis.

(N/A) Plasmolysis is the process in which the cell membrane of a plant cell shrinks away from its cell wall due to the movement of water out of the cell.
This phenomenon occurs when a living plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution (a solution with a higher solute concentration than the cytoplasm).
To understand this,we must consider the three types of solutions based on their osmotic pressure relative to the cytoplasm:
$1$. Isotonic solution: The external solution has the same osmotic pressure as the cytoplasm. There is no net movement of water.
$2$. Hypotonic solution: The external solution is more dilute than the cytoplasm. Water moves into the cell,causing it to swell.
$3$. Hypertonic solution: The external solution is more concentrated than the cytoplasm. Water moves out of the cell,causing it to shrink.
When a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution,water first moves out of the cytoplasm and then from the vacuole,leading to the shrinkage of the protoplast away from the cell wall,a state known as plasmolysis.