(N/A) $\rightarrow$ Due to specific restricted requirements and the need for water for fertilization,the spread of living pteridophytes is limited and restricted to narrow geographical regions.
$\rightarrow$ The gametophytes bear male and female sex organs called antheridia and archegonia.
$\rightarrow$ Water is required for the transfer of antherozoids.
$\rightarrow$ The male gametes are released from the antheridia to the mouth of the archegonium.
$\rightarrow$ The fusion of the male gamete with the egg present in the archegonium results in the formation of a zygote.
$\rightarrow$ The zygote thereafter produces a multicellular,well-differentiated sporophyte,which is the dominant phase of pteridophytes.