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(D) When switch $S$ is closed,the current $I_P$ in loop $P$ increases from zero to a steady value. This creates an increasing magnetic flux through lo

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Respectively anticlockwise and clockwise

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(D) When switch $S$ is closed,the current $I_P$ in loop $P$ increases from zero to a steady value. This creates an increasing magnetic flux through loop $Q$ in the direction from left to right (away from $P$). According to Lenz's law,the induced current $I_{Q_1}$ in $Q$ must oppose this change by creating a magnetic field in the opposite direction (right to left). For an observer $E$ looking at loop $Q$,a magnetic field pointing from right to left corresponds to an anticlockwise current. Thus,$I_{Q_1}$ is anticlockwise.When switch $S$ is opened,the current $I_P$ decreases to zero. This causes a decreasing magnetic flux through loop $Q$ in the direction from left to right. According to Lenz's law,the induced current $I_{Q_2}$ in $Q$ must oppose this decrease by creating a magnetic field in the same direction (left to right). For an observer $E$,a magnetic field pointing from left to right corresponds to a clockwise current. Thus,$I_{Q_2}$ is clockwise.

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