An aluminum rod (Young's modulus $Y = 7 \times 10^9 \, N/m^2$) has a breaking strain of $0.2\%$. The minimum cross-sectional area of the rod required to support a load of $10^4 \, N$ is:

$A$ wooden wheel of radius $R$ is made of two semicircular parts (see figure). The two parts are held together by a ring made of a metal strip of cross-sectional area $S$ and length $L$. $L$ is slightly less than $2\pi R$. To fit the ring on the wheel,it is heated so that its temperature rises by $\Delta T$ and it just slips over the wheel. As it cools down to the surrounding temperature,it presses the semicircular parts together. If the coefficient of linear expansion of the metal is $\alpha$,and its Young's modulus is $Y$,the force that one part of the wheel applies on the other part is:

In a human pyramid in a circus,the entire weight of the balanced group is supported by the legs of a performer who is lying on his back. The combined mass of all the persons performing the act,and the tables,plaques,etc.,involved is $280 \; kg$. The mass of the performer lying on his back at the bottom of the pyramid is $60 \; kg$. Each thighbone (femur) of this performer has a length of $50 \; cm$ and an effective radius of $2.0 \; cm$. Determine the amount by which each thighbone gets compressed under the extra load. (Take Young's modulus for bone $Y = 9.4 \times 10^9 \; N/m^2$)

Same tension is applied to the following four wires made of same material. The elongation is longest in

The length of a metal wire is $L_1$ when the tension is $T_1$ and $L_2$ when the tension is $T_2$. The unstretched length of the wire is:

$A$ copper wire and an aluminium wire have lengths in the ratio $5: 2$,diameters in the ratio $4: 3$ and forces applied in the ratio $4: 5$. Find the ratio of increase in length of the copper wire to that of the aluminium wire. (Given: $Y_{Cu} = 1.1 \times 10^{11} \text{ Nm}^{-2}$,$Y_{Al} = 0.7 \times 10^{11} \text{ Nm}^{-2}$)