$A$ circuit is arranged as shown in the figure. The output voltage ${V}_{0}$ is equal to $\ldots \ldots \text{ V}$.

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion $A$ and the other is labelled as Reason $R$.
Assertion $A$: $A$ diode under reverse-biased condition provides very small current which is nearly independent of voltage until a critical limit at which the current increases drastically.
Reason $R$: Below the critical voltage limit,only majority charge carriers flow which increases drastically above critical voltage.

To make a $PN$ junction conducting,what condition must be met?

Two ideal diodes are connected to a battery as shown in the circuit. The current supplied by the battery is: (in $A$)

The circuit has two oppositely connected ideal diodes in parallel. What is the current flowing in the circuit (in $A$)?

Avalanche breakdown in a $PN$ junction diode is due to