$A$ photodiode sensor is used to measure the output of a $300 W$ lamp kept $10 m$ away. The sensor has an opening of $2 cm$ in diameter. How many photons enter the sensor if the wavelength of the light is $660 nm$ and the exposure time is $100 ms$? (Assume that all the energy of the lamp is given off as light and $h = 6.6 \times 10^{-34} J s$)

$A$ $160 \,W$ light source is radiating light of wavelength $6200 \,\mathring A$ uniformly in all directions. The photon flux at a distance of $1.8 \,m$ is of the order of .......... $m^{-2} s^{-1}$ (Planck's constant $= 6.63 \times 10^{-34} \,J \cdot s$)

$n$ photons of wavelength $\lambda$ are absorbed by a black body of mass $m$. The momentum gained by the body is

Monochromatic light of wavelength $632.8 \; nm$ is produced by a helium-neon laser. The power emitted is $9.42 \; mW$.
$(a)$ Find the energy and momentum of each photon in the light beam.
$(b)$ How many photons per second,on the average,arrive at a target irradiated by this beam? (Assume the beam to have uniform cross-section which is < target area).
$(c)$ How fast does a hydrogen atom have to travel in order to have the same momentum as that of the photon?

The minimum intensity of light to be detected by the human eye is $10^{-10} \ W/m^2$. The number of photons of wavelength $5.6 \times 10^{-7} \ m$ entering the eye,with a pupil area of $10^{-6} \ m^2$,per second for vision will be nearly:

In the Compton scattering process,the incident $X$-radiation is scattered at an angle of $60^{\circ}$. The wavelength of the scattered radiation is $0.22 \ \text{Å}$. The wavelength of the incident $X$-radiation in $\text{Å}$ units is: