If $\hat{n}_1$ is the unit vector along the incident ray,$\hat{n}_2$ is the unit vector along the normal,and $\hat{n}_3$ is the unit vector along the reflected ray,then which of the following must be true?

Physical processes are sometimes described visually by lines. Only the following can cross.

$A$ glass sphere of refractive index $1.5$ and radius $40\,cm$ has half its hemispherical surface silvered. The point where a parallel beam of light,coming along a diameter,will focus (or appear to) after coming out of the sphere,will be:

$A$ right-angled prism of refractive index $\mu_1$ is placed in a rectangular block of refractive index $\mu_2$,which is surrounded by a medium of refractive index $\mu_3$,as shown in the figure. $A$ ray of light 'e' enters the rectangular block at normal incidence. Depending upon the relationships between $\mu_1, \mu_2$ and $\mu_3$,it takes one of the four possible paths '$ef$','$eg$','$eh$' or '$ei$'. Match the paths in List-$I$ with conditions of refractive indices in List-$II$ and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:

List-$I$	List-$II$
$P$. $e \rightarrow f$	$1$. $\mu_1 > \sqrt{2} \mu_2$
$Q$. $e \rightarrow g$	$2$. $\mu_2 > \mu_1$ and $\mu_2 > \mu_3$
$R$. $e \rightarrow h$	$3$. $\mu_1 = \mu_2$
$S$. $e \rightarrow i$	$4$. $\mu_2 < \mu_1 < \sqrt{2} \mu_2$ and $\mu_2 > \mu_3$

Codes: $P \quad Q \quad R \quad S$

An object is placed in front of a convex mirror at a distance of $50\, cm$. $A$ plane mirror is introduced covering the lower half of the convex mirror. If the distance between the object and the plane mirror is $30\, cm$,it is found that there is no parallax between the images formed by the two mirrors. The magnification of the convex mirror will be......

Assertion : $A$ concave mirror and convex lens both have the same focal length in air. When they are submerged in water,they will have same focal length.
Reason : The refractive index of water is smaller than the refractive index of air.