| Linkage | Recombination |
|---|---|
| $1$. Linked genes are located on the same chromosome. | $1$. Genes involved are located on different chromosomes or are far apart on the same chromosome. |
| $2$. Genes are inherited together. | $2$. Genes are not inherited together. |
| $3$. There is no exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes. | $3$. There is an exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes. |
| $4$. It reduces the frequency of new combinations of traits. | $4$. It increases the frequency of new combinations of traits (variations). |
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