Synonyms Questions in English

(A) The word $COMMENSURATE$ means corresponding in size or degree; in proportion.
$A$. $Proportionate$ means corresponding in size or amount to something else.
$B$. $Measurable$ means able to be measured.
$C$. $Beginning$ means the point in time or space at which something starts.
$D$. $Appropriate$ means suitable or proper in the circumstances.
Therefore,$Proportionate$ is the word that best expresses the meaning of $COMMENSURATE$.

(B) The word $DEBACLE$ refers to a sudden and ignominious failure or a fiasco.
Among the given options,$Collapse$ is the closest synonym as it signifies a sudden breakdown or failure of a system,structure,or organization.
Therefore,the correct option is $B$.

(C) The word $GERMANE$ means being relevant to a subject under consideration.
Therefore,the word that best expresses its meaning is $Relevant$.

(D) The word $DISTINCTION$ refers to a difference or contrast between similar things or people,or the quality of being different. Among the given options,$Degree$ is the closest in context as it relates to a level or scale of difference. However,in many standard vocabulary tests,$DISTINCTION$ is often associated with the concept of being 'different' or a 'difference'. Given the options provided,$Different$ (as an adjective form) or $Degree$ (as a measure of difference) are considered. In the context of synonyms for $DISTINCTION$,it implies a state of being distinct or different. Therefore,$Different$ is the most appropriate choice representing the core meaning.

(A) The word $retain$ means to continue to have something or to keep something in one's memory.
In the context of the sentence,'It is very difficult to $retain$ all that you hear in the class',the word refers to the ability to hold or keep information in the mind.
Among the given options,$keep$ is the closest synonym to $retain$ as it implies holding onto something.
Therefore,the correct option is $A$.

(B) The word $vicissitudes$ refers to a change of circumstances or fortune,typically one that is unwelcome or unpleasant.
Among the given options,$changes$ is the most accurate synonym as it captures the essence of shifting circumstances in life.
While $misfortunes$ is related,$vicissitudes$ specifically emphasizes the ups and downs or the changing nature of life's events.

(C) The word $insatiable$ means impossible to satisfy or quench.
Looking at the options:
$A$ $unchanging$: constant or not changing.
$B$ $irreconcilable$: impossible to find agreement between.
$C$ $unsatisfiable$: impossible to satisfy,which is the direct synonym of $insatiable$.
$D$ $undesirable$: not wanted or wished for.
Therefore,the correct option is $C$.

(B) The word $nimble$ means quick and light in movement or action.
Among the given options,$lively$ is the closest in meaning as it describes someone full of energy and active movement.
Therefore,the correct option is $B$.

(A) The word $bohemian$ refers to a person who has informal and unconventional social habits,often associated with artists or writers.
Looking at the options:
$A$. $unconventional$ - This means not based on or conforming to what is generally done or believed,which is the closest synonym to $bohemian$.
$B$. $hostile$ - This means showing or feeling opposition or dislike.
$C$. $sinister$ - This means giving the impression that something harmful or evil is happening or will happen.
$D$. $unfriendly$ - This means not kind or pleasant.
Therefore,the correct option is $A$.

(B) The word $fatal$ means causing or capable of causing death.
Option $A$ (grievous) means very severe or painful.
Option $B$ (deadly) means causing or able to cause death,which is the closest synonym to $fatal$.
Option $C$ (dangerous) means able or likely to cause harm or injury.
Option $D$ (serious) means demanding careful consideration or application.
Therefore,the correct synonym for $fatal$ is $deadly$.

(C) The word $callous$ means showing or having an insensitive and cruel disregard for others.
$1$. $Passive$ means accepting or allowing what happens without active response or resistance.
$2$. $Unkind$ means inconsiderate or harsh.
$3$. $Unfeeling$ means unsympathetic,harsh,or callous.
$4$. $Cursed$ means suffering from a curse or used to express annoyance.
Among the given options,$unfeeling$ is the closest synonym to $callous$ as both describe a lack of empathy or sensitivity towards others.

(D) The word $headway$ means forward movement or progress in a particular direction.
In the context of the sentence,the scientists were trying to solve a problem,and $headway$ refers to the progress they made toward that goal.
Therefore,the word that is most nearly the same in meaning is $progress$.

(A) The word $fabricated$ means something that is invented,made up,or forged,typically with the intent to deceive.
$A$. $forged$: This means produced a copy or imitation of a document,signature,banknote,or work of art for the purpose of deception. This is the closest synonym to $fabricated$.
$B$. $historical$: This refers to something concerning history or past events.
$C$. $prepared$: This means made ready for use or consideration.
$D$. $genuine$: This means truly what something is said to be; authentic.
Therefore,the correct option is $A$.

(B) The word $manifest$ means clear,obvious,or easily perceived or understood.
In the given sentence,'manifest idleness' refers to idleness that is obvious or clearly visible.
Comparing this with the options:
$A$: 'easily acquired' does not match the meaning.
$B$: 'easily perceived' is synonymous with 'manifest' (clear/obvious).
$C$: 'easily infected' is unrelated to the meaning.
$D$: 'easily deflected' is unrelated to the meaning.
Therefore,the correct option is $B$.

(C) The word $lapse$ in this context refers to a temporary failure,mistake,or a slip in judgment.
$1$. $Trick$ means a cunning act or scheme.
$2$. $Interval$ means a pause or break in activity.
$3$. $Error$ means a mistake or a failure to act correctly.
$4$. $Ignorance$ means a lack of knowledge or information.
Therefore,$error$ is the closest synonym to $lapse$ in the given sentence.

(D) The word $kaleidoscope$ refers to a device that creates changing patterns of light and color. In the context of the sentence,it describes a landscape that is constantly shifting in appearance due to the interplay of sunlight and shadow. Therefore,the phrase 'frequently changing pattern of bright scenes' best captures the metaphorical meaning of $kaleidoscope$ in this context.

(A) The word $dismal$ means depressing,gloomy,or showing a lack of skill and quality. In the context of a team's performance,it refers to a performance that is of very low quality or $poor$. Therefore,$poor$ is the synonym that best fits the context.

(B) The word $subsequent$ means coming after something in time; following.
Comparing this with the given options:
$A$) $many$ (a large number of)
$B$) $later$ (at a time in the future; subsequent)
$C$) $few$ (a small number of)
$D$) $earlier$ (before the time in question)
Therefore,the word $later$ is the closest in meaning to $subsequent$.

(B) The word $pioneers$ refers to people who are the first to explore or settle a new country or area.
Among the given options,$explorers$ is the word that most closely matches the meaning of $pioneers$ in the context of someone venturing into unknown territories.
Therefore,the correct option is $B$.

(D) The word $propensity$ means an inclination or natural tendency to behave in a particular way.
In the given sentence,'He has a $propensity$ for getting into debt' implies that he has a natural inclination or tendency to fall into debt.
Comparing the options:
$A$. $quality$ - $A$ distinctive attribute.
$B$. $characteristic$ - $A$ feature or quality typical of a person.
$C$. $aptitude$ - $A$ natural ability to do something.
$D$. $natural \text{ } tendency$ - An inclination to act in a certain way.
Therefore,the word that is most nearly the same in meaning as $propensity$ is $natural \text{ } tendency$.

(A) The word $sanguine$ means being optimistic or positive,especially in an apparently bad or difficult situation.
$1$. $Optimistic$: Hopeful and confident about the future.
$2$. $Depressed$: In a state of general unhappiness or despondency.
$3$. $Pessimistic$: Tending to see the worst aspect of things or believe that the worst will happen.
$4$. $Anxious$: Feeling or showing worry,nervousness,or unease.
Therefore,the word that is most nearly the same in meaning as $sanguine$ is $optimistic$.

(B) The word $averse$ means having a strong dislike or opposition to something.
Looking at the options:
$A$. $convinced$ means completely certain about something.
$B$. $opposed$ means feeling or showing opposition to something,which is synonymous with $averse$.
$C$. $angry$ means feeling or showing strong annoyance or displeasure.
$D$. $agreeable$ means quite enjoyable and pleasurable,or willing to agree to something.
Therefore,the word $opposed$ is the closest in meaning to $averse$.

(D) The word $outwitted$ means to deceive or defeat someone by being more clever or cunning than them.
$1$. $Cheated$ means to act dishonestly to gain an advantage.
$2$. $Befooled$ means to make a fool of someone.
$3$. $Defeated$ means to win a victory over someone in a battle or contest.
$4$. $Outmanoeuvred$ means to use skill and cunning to gain an advantage over an opponent.
Therefore,$outwitted$ is most nearly the same in meaning as $outmanoeuvred$.

(D) The word $mandatory$ means something that is required by law,rule,or necessity; it implies an obligation or a requirement that cannot be ignored.
Among the given options,$compulsory$ is the closest synonym to $mandatory$ as both words convey the sense of being required or obligatory.
Therefore,the correct option is $D$.

(A) The word $amity$ means a friendly relationship or peaceful harmony between individuals or groups.
Looking at the options:
$A$. $friendship$ - This is a synonym for $amity$.
$B$. $bondage$ - This means slavery or being held captive,which is the opposite of $amity$.
$C$. $contention$ - This means heated disagreement or conflict,which is an antonym of $amity$.
$D$. $understanding$ - While related to harmony,$friendship$ is a more direct synonym for the state of $amity$.
Therefore,the correct option is $A$.

(B) The word $exceptional$ means something that is extraordinary,outstanding,or not typical.
Among the given options,$unusual$ is the closest synonym because it describes something that is not common or is remarkable.
$Avoidable$ means something that can be prevented.
$Strange$ refers to something odd or unfamiliar.
$Abnormal$ refers to something deviating from what is normal,often in a negative or clinical sense.
Therefore,$unusual$ is the best fit for $exceptional$ in this context.

(C) The term $mud-slinging$ refers to the act of making insulting or damaging statements about someone,often to damage their reputation.
$A$. $Caricatures$ refers to a picture or description of a person in which certain striking characteristics are exaggerated in order to create a comic or grotesque effect.
$B$. $Mockery$ refers to teasing and contemptuous language or behavior directed at a particular person or thing.
$C$. $Slander$ refers to the action or crime of making a false spoken statement damaging to a person's reputation,which is synonymous with $mud-slinging$.
$D$. $Quarrelling$ refers to having a heated argument or disagreement.
Therefore,the most appropriate synonym is $slander$.

(D) The word $precisely$ means in an exact or accurate manner,without any deviation.
$1$. $Approximately$ means roughly or about.
$2$. $Accurately$ means correctly or with precision,but $exactly$ is a more direct synonym for $precisely$ in the context of time.
$3$. $Concisely$ means brief and to the point.
$4$. $Exactly$ means in an exact manner,which is the closest synonym to $precisely$.
Therefore,the correct option is $D$.

(A) The word $preposterous$ means contrary to reason or common sense; utterly absurd or ridiculous.
Option $A$ $(absurd)$ means wildly unreasonable,illogical,or inappropriate,which is the closest synonym to $preposterous$.
Option $B$ $(heartless)$ means lacking humanity or pity,which relates to the word 'inhuman' in the sentence.
Option $C$ $(impractical)$ means not adapted for use or action; not sensible.
Option $D$ $(abnormal)$ means deviating from what is normal or usual.
Therefore,the correct option is $A$.

(B) The word $languishing$ means to be forced to remain in an unpleasant place or situation,often suffering from neglect or lack of activity.
In the context of a prisoner in jail,it implies a state of prolonged suffering or deterioration.
Comparing this with the given options:
$A$) $convicted$ means found guilty of a crime.
$B$) $suffering$ means experiencing pain,distress,or hardship,which aligns with the meaning of $languishing$.
$C$) $attempting$ means making an effort to achieve something.
$D$) $avoiding$ means keeping away from something.
Therefore,the most appropriate synonym is $suffering$.

(C) The word $inebriated$ means to be under the influence of alcohol or drunk.
Looking at the options:
$A$. $inexperienced$ means lacking knowledge or skill.
$B$. $tired$ means in need of sleep or rest.
$C$. $intoxicated$ means under the influence of alcohol or drugs,which is a direct synonym for $inebriated$.
$D$. $befuddled$ means unable to think clearly or confused.
Therefore,the correct option is $C$.

(D) The word $incoherent$ means lacking clarity,connection,or consistency in speech or thought.
$1$. $Irrational$ means not logical or reasonable.
$2$. $Irrelevant$ means not connected or relevant to the matter at hand.
$3$. $Irritating$ means causing annoyance.
$4$. $Inconsistent$ means not staying the same throughout or lacking harmony and logical connection.
In the context of giving an answer to the police,an $incoherent$ answer is one that lacks logical connection or consistency. Therefore,$inconsistent$ is the closest synonym among the given options.

(A) The word $abstruse$ means difficult to understand or obscure.
Option $A$ $(obscure)$ is the closest in meaning to $abstruse$,as both refer to something that is not easily understood or is hidden from clear view.
Therefore,the correct option is $A$.

(B) The word $internecine$ means relating to conflict within a group or organization,often characterized by mutual destruction or ruinous to both sides.
Option $A$ $(baneful)$ means causing great distress or annoyance.
Option $B$ $(mutually destructive)$ is the most accurate synonym for $internecine$ as it describes a conflict where both parties involved suffer significant harm.
Option $C$ $(pernicious)$ means having a harmful effect,especially in a gradual or subtle way.
Option $D$ $(detrimental)$ means tending to cause harm.
Therefore,the correct option is $B$.

(C) The word $obstreperous$ means noisy,difficult to control,or unruly.
$1$. $Sullen$ means bad-tempered and sulky.
$2$. $Lazy$ means unwilling to work or use energy.
$3$. $Unruly$ means disorderly and disruptive,which is the closest synonym to $obstreperous$.
$4$. $Awkward$ means causing difficulty or embarrassment.
Therefore,the correct option is $C$.

(D) The word $credible$ means something that can be believed or trusted.
Looking at the options:
$A$) $false$ means untrue.
$B$) $readable$ means easy or enjoyable to read.
$C$) $praiseworthy$ means deserving approval or admiration.
$D$) $believable$ means able to be believed.
Therefore,the word $believable$ is the closest in meaning to $credible$.

(A) The word $environment$ refers to the surroundings or conditions in which a person,animal,or plant lives or operates.
Comparing the options:
$A$. $surroundings$: This is a direct synonym for $environment$.
$B$. $nationality$: This refers to the status of belonging to a particular nation.
$C$. $heredity$: This refers to the genetic transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring.
$D$. $nature$: This refers to the physical world collectively,including plants,animals,and the landscape,but it is broader than the specific context of one's immediate $environment$.
Therefore,the most appropriate synonym is $surroundings$.

(B) The word $garrulous$ means excessively talkative,especially on trivial matters.
Option $A$ (giggles all the time) refers to someone who laughs frequently.
Option $B$ (talks a lot) is the correct synonym for $garrulous$.
Option $C$ (laughs a lot) refers to someone who is jovial or amused.
Option $D$ (repeats gossip) refers to someone who spreads rumors,which is not necessarily the same as being talkative.
Therefore,the correct option is $B$.

(C) The word $aberration$ refers to a departure from what is normal,usual,or expected,typically one that is unwelcome.
$1$. $Procrastination$ means the action of delaying or postponing something.
$2$. $Privilege$ means a special right,advantage,or immunity granted to a particular person or group.
$3$. $Deviation$ means the action of departing from an established course or accepted standard.
$4$. $Steadfastness$ means the quality of being resolutely or dutifully firm and unwavering.
Therefore,$deviation$ is the closest synonym to $aberration$.

(D) The word $lamentable$ means something that is unfortunate,regrettable,or deserving of grief or sorrow.
$1$. $Unpardonable$ means something that cannot be forgiven.
$2$. $Inexcusable$ means something that cannot be justified.
$3$. $Terrible$ means extremely bad or serious.
$4$. $Deplorable$ means deserving strong condemnation or something that is shockingly bad or regrettable.
Comparing the meanings,$deplorable$ is the closest synonym to $lamentable$ in this context,as both describe a situation that is highly regrettable and unsatisfactory.

(C) The word $rupture$ in this context refers to a break or a serious disagreement in a relationship.
$1$. $Break$ is a general term for separation.
$2$. $Damage$ refers to physical harm or impairment.
$3$. $Breach$ specifically refers to a break in a relationship,trust,or agreement,which is the closest synonym to $rupture$ in this context.
$4$. $Gap$ refers to a space or interval.
Therefore,the most appropriate synonym is $breach$.

(B) The term $sea-change$ is an idiom that refers to a profound or notable transformation.
In the context of the sentence,the person's outlook and attitude underwent a significant shift due to their foreign travels.
Therefore,$sea-change$ is synonymous with a $complete change$ or a radical transformation.
Thus,option $B$ is the correct answer.

(C) The word $gullible$ means easily persuaded or tricked because of being too trusting.
$A$. $fallible$ means capable of making mistakes.
$B$. $enthusiastic$ means having or showing intense and eager enjoyment or interest.
$C$. $unsuspecting$ means not aware of danger or a suspicious situation; trusting.
$D$. $unrealistic$ means not representing things in a way that is accurate or true to life.
Therefore,$unsuspecting$ is the word that is most nearly the same in meaning as $gullible$.

(D) The word $sane$ means having a sound mind,being reasonable,or showing good judgment.
$A$. $Obscure$ means not discovered or known about; uncertain.
$B$. $Wild$ means lacking discipline or restraint.
$C$. $Arrogant$ means having an exaggerated sense of one's own importance.
$D$. $Rational$ means based on or in accordance with reason or logic.
Therefore,$rational$ is the word that is most nearly the same in meaning as $sane$.

(C) The word $vandalism$ refers to the deliberate destruction or damage of public or private property.
Among the given options,$ravage$ (meaning severe damage or destruction) is the closest in meaning to $vandalism$.
$Violence$ refers to physical force,$disturbance$ refers to an interruption of peace,and $provocation$ refers to an action intended to incite anger. Therefore,$ravage$ is the most appropriate synonym in this context.

(B) The phrasal verb $come \,round$ in this context means to regain consciousness or to recover from the effects of an operation or illness.
Therefore,the word that is most nearly the same in meaning is $recover$.

(C) The word $alien$ in this context refers to something that is strange,unfamiliar,or belonging to another place or group.
Among the given options,$foreign$ is the closest synonym to $alien$ as both imply something that is not native or familiar to the speaker's environment.
Therefore,the correct option is $C$.

(D) The word $hazardous$ means involving risk or danger.
Comparing the options:
$A$. $tricky$ means requiring care and skill because it is difficult or awkward.
$B$. $harmful$ means causing or likely to cause harm.
$C$. $difficult$ means needing much effort or skill to accomplish.
$D$. $dangerous$ means able or likely to cause harm or injury.
Among the given options,$dangerous$ is the closest synonym to $hazardous$ in this context,as both imply a high risk of injury or harm.

(A) The word $vigilant$ means keeping careful watch for possible danger or difficulties.
Among the given options:
$A$. $watchful$ means alert and observant,which is the closest synonym to $vigilant$.
$B$. $intelligent$ refers to the ability to acquire and apply knowledge.
$C$. $ambitious$ refers to having a strong desire to succeed.
$D$. $smart$ refers to being quick-witted or well-dressed.
Therefore,the correct option is $A$.

(B) The word $lately$ means 'recently' or 'not long ago'.
In the given sentence,'$I$ wrote to him as $lately$ as last week' implies that the action of writing occurred in the recent past.
Therefore,the word that is most nearly the same in meaning is 'recently'.