Mix Example - THE FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF LIFE Questions in English

(D) The $Ribosome$ is a non-membrane-bound organelle found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
It is primarily composed of $RNA$ and proteins.
In contrast, the $Nucleus$, $Chloroplast$, and $Golgi$ $apparatus$ are all membrane-bound organelles.

(FALSE) The statement is False.
Plastids are specialized organelles found exclusively in plant cells and some algae.
They are responsible for processes like photosynthesis (chloroplasts) and the storage of starch or pigments (leucoplasts and chromoplasts).
Animal cells do not contain plastids.

(TRUE) True.
In many unicellular organisms like $Amoeba$,food particles are engulfed through the process of phagocytosis,forming food vacuoles. These vacuoles contain the consumed food,which is then digested by enzymes.

(TRUE) The statement is True.
The nucleus contains the genetic material $(DNA)$ of the cell. During cellular reproduction (cell division),the nucleus coordinates the replication of this genetic material and ensures its equal distribution into the daughter cells,thereby playing a central and essential role in the process.

(FALSE) The statement is False.
An undefined nuclear region containing only nucleic acids (and lacking a nuclear membrane) is known as the nucleoid,which is characteristic of prokaryotic cells.
$A$ nucleolus is a distinct,spherical,non-membrane-bound structure found within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells,primarily involved in ribosome synthesis.

(TRUE) True.
Photosynthetic prokaryotic bacteria (such as cyanobacteria) do not possess membrane-bound organelles like plastids (chloroplasts). Instead,the chlorophyll pigments are associated with membranous vesicles or lamellae that are extensions of the plasma membrane,which allow them to perform photosynthesis.

(TRUE) True.
The endoplasmic reticulum $(ER)$ is a large network of membrane-bound tubes and sheets. It looks like long tubules or round or oblong bags (vesicles). The $ER$ membrane is similar in structure to the plasma membrane. There are two types of $ER$: Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum $(RER)$ and Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum $(SER)$.

(FALSE) The statement is False.
$RER$ stands for Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum.
It appears 'rough' under a microscope specifically because it has ribosomes attached to its surface.
In contrast,the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum $(SER)$ lacks ribosomes,which is why it appears smooth.

(FALSE) The statement is False.
Explanation:
$1$. Plastids are classified into three types based on the type of pigments they contain: Chloroplasts,Chromoplasts,and Leucoplasts.
$2$. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and are green in color.
$3$. Chromoplasts contain carotenoids and are colored (red,yellow,or orange).
$4$. Leucoplasts are colorless plastids in which materials such as starch,oils,and protein granules are stored.

(TRUE) True.
Vacuoles are membrane-bound organelles that function as storage sacs for solid or liquid contents, such as water, nutrients, and waste products, particularly in plant cells where they can occupy up to $90\%$ of the cell volume.

(FALSE) The statement is False. Mitochondria are double-membrane-bound organelles. They consist of an outer membrane and an inner membrane,with the inner membrane folded into structures called cristae.