Mix Example - NATURAL RESOURCES Questions in English

(A) The term $Smog$ is derived from the combination of two words: $Smoke$ and $Fog$.
It is a type of intense air pollution that reduces visibility.
$Smoke$ consists of particulate matter,while $Fog$ consists of water droplets suspended in the air.
When these two combine,especially in urban areas with high levels of pollutants,they form $Smog$.

(B) The statement is False.
Oxygen is primarily returned to the atmosphere through the process of photosynthesis,where green plants consume carbon dioxide and release oxygen as a byproduct. Respiration is a process that consumes oxygen and releases carbon dioxide,which is the opposite of the process described.

(B) False.
Nitrogen fixation is carried out by nitrogen-fixing bacteria such as $Rhizobium$ and $Azotobacter$. The enzyme responsible for this process,nitrogenase,is highly sensitive to oxygen and is inactivated by it. Therefore,these bacteria perform nitrogen fixation under anaerobic (oxygen-free) conditions or by creating a specialized environment (like leghemoglobin in root nodules) to protect the enzyme from oxygen.

(TRUE) The statement is True.
While oxygen is essential for aerobic respiration in most living organisms,there are specific groups of microorganisms known as obligate anaerobes (such as certain bacteria like $Clostridium$ species) for which elemental oxygen is toxic and can be lethal.

(TRUE) True.
Carbon dioxide $(CO_2)$ is a primary greenhouse gas that traps heat in the Earth's atmosphere,contributing to the greenhouse effect and global warming.

(B) The statement is False.
Explanation:
$1$. Photosynthesis is a process where plants use $CO_2$ and water to produce glucose and oxygen,thereby reducing the amount of $CO_2$ in the atmosphere.
$2$. The process described in the statement,where fuels are burnt to provide energy,is known as combustion or respiration,not photosynthesis.
$3$. Combustion of fossil fuels releases $CO_2$ into the atmosphere,which is the opposite of the function of photosynthesis.

(FALSE) The statement is False.
Plants take up nitrates and nitrites and convert them into amino acids,which are then used to synthesize proteins and other nitrogenous compounds,not carbohydrates.
Carbohydrates are synthesized by plants through the process of photosynthesis using carbon dioxide and water.

(TRUE) The statement is True.
Nitrogen gas constitutes approximately $78 \%$ of the Earth's atmosphere.
It is a vital element for living organisms as it is a fundamental component of amino acids (which form proteins),nucleic acids ($DNA$ and $RNA$),and various vitamins.

(A) The statement is True.
The uneven heating of the Earth's surface by solar radiation creates temperature differences in the atmosphere.
Warm air is less dense and rises,creating low-pressure areas,while cooler air is denser and sinks,creating high-pressure areas.
Air moves from high-pressure regions to low-pressure regions to balance these differences,resulting in wind and various atmospheric phenomena such as storms,rainfall,and seasonal changes.

(FALSE) False. The heating of air causes water to evaporate,turning liquid water into water vapour. Condensation occurs when air cools down,causing water vapour to turn back into tiny liquid water droplets.

(A) The statement is True.
Nitrogen is a fundamental element in living organisms.
It is a key component of amino acids,which form proteins,as well as nucleic acids ($DNA$ and $RNA$).
Beyond these,nitrogen is also present in various other biologically significant compounds,including alkaloids (nitrogenous organic compounds found in plants) and urea (a nitrogen-containing waste product of protein metabolism in animals).