3 rd Law of thermodynamics Questions in English

(C) The third law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a perfectly crystalline substance at absolute zero $(0 \ K)$ is exactly $0$.
Therefore,the correct option is $(C)$.

(D) This is the statement of the third law of thermodynamics. According to the third law,the entropy of a perfectly crystalline substance approaches zero as the temperature approaches absolute zero $(0 \, K)$.

(C) The entropy of a perfectly crystalline substance at absolute zero $(0 \ K)$ is taken as $0$. This is a direct consequence of the $III$ law of thermodynamics,which states that the entropy of a perfect crystal approaches zero as the temperature approaches absolute zero.

(C) The Nernst heat theorem was formulated by Walther Nernst in the early $20^{th}$ century.
It states that as the temperature approaches absolute zero,the entropy change for a chemical reaction involving pure crystalline substances approaches zero.
This theorem was instrumental in the development of the $Third$ law of thermodynamics.

(C) The $Third \ law \ of \ thermodynamics$ states that the entropy of a perfect crystal at $0 \ K$ is zero. This provides an absolute reference point,which allows for the calculation of the absolute entropy of a substance at any temperature $T$ by integrating the heat capacity data from $0 \ K$ to $T$.

(B) The correct answer is $B$.
By definition,the standard enthalpy of formation $(\Delta_fH^\circ)$ and standard Gibbs free energy of formation $(\Delta_fG^\circ)$ of an element in its most stable state at $298 \ K$ and $1 \ bar$ pressure is zero.
However,the absolute entropy $(S^\circ)$ of a substance at standard state is not zero,as per the $3^{rd}$ law of thermodynamics,which states that the entropy of a perfect crystal is zero only at $0 \ K$.

(B) According to the $3^{rd}$ law of thermodynamics,the entropy of a perfectly crystalline substance approaches zero as the temperature approaches absolute zero $(0 \ K)$.
This is because at $0 \ K$,the particles in a perfect crystal are in their lowest possible energy state and have perfect order,resulting in no positional or thermal disorder.

(C) According to the $Third \ Law \ of \ Thermodynamics$,the entropy of a perfectly crystalline substance approaches zero as the temperature approaches absolute zero $(0\,K)$.
Therefore,at $0\,K$,the entropy of a perfectly crystalline substance is considered to be zero.

(N/A) The entropy of a system is related to the molecular motion. As the temperature of a system rises,these motions become more vigorous and entropy increases. Conversely,when the temperature is lowered,the entropy decreases.
The third law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a perfectly ordered pure crystalline substance approaches zero as the temperature approaches absolute zero $(0 \ K)$.
This law applies specifically to pure crystalline solids due to both theoretical arguments and practical evidence.
It is important to note that the entropy of solutions and supercooled liquids is not zero at $0 \ K$.
For a pure substance,the absolute entropy at a given temperature $T$ can be calculated by summing the $\frac{q_{rev}}{T}$ increments from $0 \ K$ to $T$.

(N/A) The third law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a perfectly crystalline substance at absolute zero temperature $(0 \ K)$ is zero.

(N/A) The third law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a perfectly crystalline substance at absolute zero temperature $(0 \ K)$ is zero.

(N/A) $(i)$ $0$ (Zero)
$(ii)$ $Nernst$
$(iii)$ $Third$

(N/A) $(i)$ Nernst
$(ii)$ Third
$(iii)$ Standard molar entropy
$(iv)$ $J \ K^{-1} \ mol^{-1}$

(B) According to the $3^{rd}$ law of thermodynamics,the entropy of a perfectly crystalline substance is zero at $T = 0 \ K$.
If a substance is not perfectly crystalline (e.g.,it has defects or frozen-in disorder),its entropy at $T = 0 \ K$ is greater than zero.
This remaining entropy at absolute zero is known as residual entropy.

(A) The $3^{rd}$ law of thermodynamics states that at absolute zero temperature (i.e.,$0 \ K$),the entropy of a perfectly crystalline solid is zero. This is because there is no thermal motion and perfect order in the crystal lattice.