Write important results regarding the electrostatics of conductors.

(N/A) The important results regarding the electrostatics of conductors are as follows:
$(1)$ The electrostatic field inside a conductor is zero.
$(2)$ On the outer surface of a charged conductor,the electric field at every point is perpendicular to the surface.
$(3)$ The interior of a conductor can have no excess charge in the static situation; any excess charge resides entirely on its surface.
$(4)$ The electrostatic potential is constant throughout the volume of the conductor and has the same value on its surface as it does inside.
$(5)$ The electric field at the surface of a charged conductor is given by $\vec{E} = \frac{\sigma}{\epsilon_{0}} \hat{n}$,where $\sigma$ is the surface charge density,$\epsilon_{0}$ is the permittivity of free space,and $\hat{n}$ is the unit vector normal to the surface in the outward direction.
$(6)$ The electric field inside the cavity of a conductor is zero,which leads to the phenomenon of electrostatic shielding.