Who are the carriers of genes?

When a sperm carrying an $X$ chromosome fertilizes an ovum,what will be the sex of the embryo that develops from the zygote?

$A$ cross was carried out between a pure-bred tall pea plant and a pure-bred dwarf pea plant,and $F_{1}$ progeny was obtained. Later,the $F_{1}$ progeny was selfed to obtain $F_{2}$ progeny. Answer the following questions:
$(a)$ What is the phenotype of the $F_{1}$ progeny and why?
$(b)$ Give the phenotypic ratio of the $F_{2}$ progeny.
$(c)$ Why is the $F_{2}$ progeny different from the $F_{1}$ progeny?

"It is a matter of chance whether a couple will give birth to a male child or a female child." Justify this statement with the help of a flow chart showing the fusion of sex chromosomes.

Why is the progeny always tall when a tall pea plant is crossed with a short pea plant?

The maleness of a child is determined by