When a sperm carrying an $X$ chromosome fertilizes an ovum,what will be the sex of the embryo that develops from the zygote?

Two pea plants,one with round green seeds $(RRyy)$ and another with wrinkled yellow $(rrYY)$ seeds,produce $F_1$ progeny that have round,yellow $(RrYy)$ seeds. When $F_1$ plants are selfed,the $F_2$ progeny will have new combinations of characters. Choose the new combinations from the following:
$(i)$ Round,yellow
$(ii)$ Round,green
$(iii)$ Wrinkled,yellow
$(iv)$ Wrinkled,green

Select the correct statement.

"Experiences of an individual during its lifetime cannot be passed on to its progeny and cannot direct evolution". Justify this statement giving an example.

What is the importance of $DNA$ copying in reproduction? Why is variation beneficial to the species but not necessarily for the individual? Explain.

List three main factors responsible for the speciation and briefly describe each one of them.