Which two distinct microbial processes areresponsible for the release of fixed nitrogenas dinitrogen gas $(N_2)$ to the atmosphere ?
Aerobic nitrate oxidation and nitritereduction
Decomposition of organic nitrogen andconversion of dinitrogen to ammonium compounds
Enteric fermentation in cattle and nitrogenfixation by Rhizobium in root nodules of legumes
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation and denitrification.
Casuarina equisetifolia is a
Mangroves are
$A$ : Neither the community modifies environment nor the environment forces the community to leave the place in climax stage of succession.
$R$ : Climax community is xerophytic in most of the types of succession.
The second stage of hydrosere is occupied by plants like
If an agricultural field is liberally irrigated for a prolonged period of time, it is likely to face problem of