Which of the following statements are not correct?
$a$. The energy of resonance hybrid structure is higher than that of the possible canonical structures of the molecule.
$b$. When inductive effect and electromeric effect operate in opposite directions,electromeric effect predominates.
$c$. When the $\pi$ electrons of the multiple bond are transferred to that atom to which the attacking reagent does not get attached,it is known as $+E$ effect.
$d$. The resonance structures with separation of opposite charges are more stable.

  • A
    $a, c, d$
  • B
    $c, d$
  • C
    $b, c, d$
  • D
    $a, b, c$

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Explain the terms Inductive and Electromeric effects. Which electron displacement effect explains the following correct orders of acidity of the carboxylic acids?
$(a)$ $Cl_3CCOOH > Cl_2CHCOOH > ClCH_2COOH$
$(b)$ $CH_3CH_2COOH > (CH_3)_2CHCOOH > (CH_3)_3C \cdot COOH$

Which of the following does not show hyperconjugation?

The basic strength of $1,8-$bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene is $10^{10}$ times more than $1-$dimethylaminonaphthalene. The reason for this high basic strength is:

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Identify the type of electromeric effect ($E$-effect) in the following reactions:
$(a) >C=C< + CN^{-} \to -C(CN)-C^{-}-$
$(b) >C=C< + H^{+} \to -C^{+}-CH-$

The decreasing order of $-I$ (inductive) effect power for the given groups is:
$A. -CN$
$B. -NO_2$
$C. -NH_2$
$D. -F$

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