Which of the following is most stable?

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(C) The stability of a carboxylate ion $(R-COO^-)$ is increased by electron-withdrawing groups $(EWG)$ and decreased by electron-donating groups $(EDG

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$3,5-$Dinitro$-4-$cyanobenzoate ion

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(C) The stability of a carboxylate ion $(R-COO^-)$ is increased by electron-withdrawing groups $(EWG)$ and decreased by electron-donating groups $(EDG)$ attached to the benzene ring.$1.$ The $-NO_2$ group is a strong electron-withdrawing group ($-I$ and $-M$ effect).$2.$ The $-CN$ group is also an electron-withdrawing group ($-I$ and $-M$ effect).$3.$ The $-CH_3$ group is an electron-donating group ($+I$ and hyperconjugation).Comparing the options:- Option $A$ has one $-NO_2$ group.- Option $B$ has one $-CN$ group.- Option $C$ has two $-NO_2$ groups and one $-CN$ group,all of which are strong electron-withdrawing groups. This combination significantly disperses the negative charge on the carboxylate group,making it the most stable.- Option $D$ has a $-CH_3$ group,which destabilizes the carboxylate ion.Therefore,the ion with the most electron-withdrawing groups is the most stable.

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