Which of the following helps us in the determination of the temperature of the sun?

For two identical cylindrical emitters,the ratio of their radii is $1:4$ and the ratio of their temperatures is $2:1$. The ratio of the amount of heat emitted by them is ....... (Assume length is proportional to radius for the cylinders).

The 'Kangri' is an earthen pot used to stay warm in Kashmir during the winter months. Assume that the 'Kangri' is spherical and of surface area $7 \times 10^{-2} \,m^{2}$. It contains $300 \,g$ of a mixture of coal,wood,and leaves with a calorific value of $30 \,kJ/g$ (and provides heat with $10 \%$ efficiency). The surface temperature of the 'Kangri' is $60^{\circ}C$ and the room temperature is $0^{\circ}C$. Then,a reasonable estimate for the duration $t$ (in $h$) that the 'Kangri' heat will last is (take the 'Kangri' to be a black body).

If the temperature of the $Sun = 6000 \, K$,the radius of the Sun is $7.2 \times 10^{5} \, km$,the radius of the Earth is $6000 \, km$,and the distance between the Earth and the Sun is $15 \times 10^{7} \, km$,find the intensity of light on Earth.

$A$ solid copper sphere (density $\rho$ and specific heat capacity $c$) of radius $r$ at an initial temperature $200 \, K$ is suspended inside a chamber whose walls are at almost $0 \, K$. The time required (in $\mu s$) for the temperature of the sphere to drop to $100 \, K$ is:

Two electric lamps $A$ and $B$ radiate the same power. Their filaments have the same dimensions and have emissivities $e_A$ and $e_B$. Their surface temperatures are $T_A$ and $T_B$. The ratio $\frac{T_A}{T_B}$ will be equal to :-