Which molecule has the largest dipole moment?

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(D) The dipole moment $\mu$ is defined as the product of the magnitude of the charge $(q)$ and the distance of separation $(d)$ between the charges, i

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$HF$

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(D) The dipole moment $\mu$ is defined as the product of the magnitude of the charge $(q)$ and the distance of separation $(d)$ between the charges, i.e., $\mu = q 	imes d$. In the hydrogen halides $(HF, HCl, HBr, HI)$, the electronegativity of the halogen decreases as we move down the group $(F > Cl > Br > I)$. Consequently, the electronegativity difference between hydrogen and the halogen is highest for $HF$, leading to the largest partial charges $(q)$. Although the bond length $(d)$ increases from $HF$ to $HI$, the effect of the large electronegativity difference in $HF$ dominates, making $HF$ the most polar molecule with the largest dipole moment.

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