Which gas is the lightest in weight?

When a metal $X$ is treated with cold water,it gives a basic salt $Y$ with molecular formula $XOH$ (Molecular mass $= 40$) and liberates a gas $Z$ which easily catches fire. Identify $X, Y, Z$.

Write chemical equations for the reactions taking place when:
$(i)$ iron is strongly heated in air.
$(ii)$ lead carbonate is calcined.
$(iii)$ chromium oxide $(Cr_{2}O_{3})$ is heated with aluminium powder.

What effect does dihydrogen gas $(H_2)$ have on litmus paper?

State reasons for the following:
$(i)$ Metals are good conductors of heat.
$(ii)$ Addition of some silver to pure gold for making ornaments.
$(iii)$ Inability of non-metals to displace hydrogen from dilute sulphuric acid.

Why is sodium chloride soluble in water but not soluble in kerosene?