When aniline is nitrated with nitrating mixture in ice-cold condition,the major product obtained is

What is the product formed when ethylamine is oxidized with acidic $KMnO_4$?

Aniline reacts with mixed acid (conc. $HNO_3$ and conc. $H_2SO_4$) at $288 \ K$ to give $P$ $(51 \%)$,$Q$ $(47 \%)$ and $R$ $(2 \%)$. The major product$(s)$ of the following reaction sequence is (are):
$R$ $\xrightarrow[2) Br_2, CH_3CO_2H]{1) Ac_2O, \text{pyridine}}$ $\xrightarrow{3) H_3O^+}$ $\xrightarrow{4) NaNO_2, HCl / 273-278 \ K}$ $\xrightarrow{5) EtOH, \Delta}$ $\xrightarrow{6) Sn/HCl}$ $\xrightarrow{7) Br_2/H_2O \text{ (excess)}} \text{Major Product}$

The decreasing order of basicity of the following amines is:
$(I)$ Aniline
$(II)$ Pyridine
$(III)$ Cyclohexylamine
$(IV)$ Pyrrole

The reaction of $N$-ethylcyclohexanamine with excess $CH_3I$ yields a product. Identify the product.

What are $X$ and $Y$ in the following reactions?