What is used for commercial production of ethanol ?

Which of the following food items are producedthrough fermentation by the microorganisms?

$(I)$ Idli                 $(II)$ Dosa

$(III)$ Toddy          $(IV)$ Cheese

Antibiotics are produced by

Write the most important characteristic that Aspergillus niger, Clostridium butylicum and Lactobacillus share.

Read the following statement having two blanks ($A$ and $B$).

A drug used for ___$A$___ patients is obtained from a species of the organism ___$B$___ .

The one correct option for the two blanks is

Consider the following statements

$I.$ Antibiotics are chemical substances produced by some microorganisms which can kill or retard the growth of other disease-causing microorganisms

$II.$ Penicillin is the first antibiotic discovered by Alexander Fleming $(1928),$ while working on bacterium Staphylococcusaureus

$III.$ The function of penicillin as an antibiotic was established by Ernst chain and Howard Florey

Which of the statement given above are correct?