What is the pressure on a swimmer $20 \, m$ below the surface of water in $atm$?

During blood transfusion,the needle is inserted into a vein where the gauge pressure is $2000 \; Pa$. At what height (in $m$) must the blood container be placed so that blood may just enter the vein? (Density of whole blood,$\rho = 1.06 \times 10^{3} \; kg \; m^{-3}$,$g = 9.8 \; m \; s^{-2}$)

$A$ tank of oil has a height of $4 \,m$ and a density of $850 \,kg \,m^{-3}$. The gauge pressure at the bottom of the tank is (Given: $1 \,atm = 10^5 \,Pa$,Acceleration due to gravity $g = 10 \,m \,s^{-2}$) (in $\,kPa$)

$(a)$ Pressure decreases as one ascends the atmosphere. If the density of air is $\rho$,what is the change in pressure $dp$ over differential height $dh$?
$(b)$ Considering the pressure $P$ to be proportional to the density,find the pressure $P$ at a height $h$ if the pressure on the surface of the earth is $P_{0}$.
$(c)$ If $P_{0} = 1.03 \times 10^5 \text{ N/m}^2$,$\rho_0 = 1.29 \text{ kg/m}^3$,and $g = 9.8 \text{ m/s}^2$,at what height will the pressure drop to $\frac{1}{10}$ of the value at the surface of the earth?
$(d)$ This model of the atmosphere works for relatively small distances. Identify the underlying assumption that limits the model.

Why are two holes made to empty an oil tin?

$A$ pressure of $1 \,mm$ of mercury is equivalent to