What are $X$,$Y$ and $Z$ in the following reactions?
$CaCO_3 \stackrel{\Delta}{\rightleftharpoons} CO_2 + X$
$X + H_2O \longrightarrow Y$
$Y + Cl_2 \longrightarrow Z$

$A$ solid compound $X$ on heating gives $CO_2$ gas and a residue. The residue mixed with water forms compound $Y$. On passing excess $CO_2$ gas through $Y$,a clear solution $Z$ is formed. On heating $Z$,compound $X$ is recovered. What is compound $X$?
$\mathop X\limits_{solid}$ $\xrightarrow{\text{heating}} CO_2 + \text{residue}$ $\xrightarrow{H_2O} Y$ $\xrightarrow{\text{excess } CO_2} \mathop Z\limits_{\text{solution}}$ $\xrightarrow{\text{heating}} X$

Which among the following elements of group-$2$ exhibits anomalous properties?

The solubility in water of sulphates down the $Group \ 2$ ($Be$ group) is $Be > Mg > Ca > Sr > Ba$. This is due to

Fill in the blanks:
$(1)$ Cement is also known as......
$(2)$ Cement was first introduced by......

An alkaline earth metal $(M)$ gives a salt with chlorine,which is insoluble in water at room temperature but soluble in boiling water. It also forms an insoluble sulphate whose mixture with a sulphide of a transition metal is called 'lithopone' - a white pigment. Metal $M$ is