Two identical cylindrical vessels are kept on the ground and each contain the same liquid of density $d.$ The area of the base of both vessels is $S$ but the height of liquid in one vessel is $x_{1}$ and in the other,$x_{2}$. When both cylinders are connected through a pipe of negligible volume very close to the bottom,the liquid flows from one vessel to the other until it comes to equilibrium at a new height. The change in energy of the system in the process is

$A$ cylindrical tube,with its base as shown in the figure,is filled with water. It is moving down with a constant acceleration $a$ along a fixed inclined plane with angle $\theta=45^{\circ}$. $P_1$ and $P_2$ are pressures at points $1$ and $2$,respectively,located at the base of the tube. Let $\beta=(P_1-P_2) / (\rho g d)$,where $\rho$ is the density of water,$d$ is the inner diameter of the tube,and $g$ is the acceleration due to gravity. Which of the following statement$(s)$ is(are) correct?
$(A)$ $\beta=0$ when $a=g / \sqrt{2}$
$(B)$ $\beta>0$ when $a=g / \sqrt{2}$
$(C)$ $\beta=\frac{\sqrt{2}-1}{\sqrt{2}}$ when $a=g / 2$
$(D)$ $\beta=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$ when $a=g / 2$

$A$ liquid kept in a cylindrical vessel is rotated about a vertical axis passing through the center of the circular base. The difference in the heights of the liquid at the center of the vessel and its edge is ($R=$ radius of vessel,$\omega=$ angular velocity of rotation,$g=$ acceleration due to gravity).

The Karman line is a theoretical construct that separates the Earth's atmosphere from outer space. It is defined as the height at which the lift on an aircraft flying at the speed of a polar satellite $(8 \, km/s)$ is equal to its weight. Taking a fighter aircraft of wing area $30 \, m^2$ and mass $7500 \, kg$,the height of the Karman line above the ground will be in the range of .............. $km$. (Assume the density of air at height $h$ above the ground to be $\rho(h) = 1.2 e^{-h/10} \, kg/m^3$,where $h$ is in $km$,and the lift force to be $\frac{1}{2} \rho v^2 A$,where $v$ is the speed of the aircraft and $A$ is its wing area.)

Two vessels of equal cross-sectional area $A$ are filled with a liquid of density $d$. The height of the liquid in one vessel is $h_1$ and in the other vessel is $h_2$. When both vessels are connected,find the work done by gravity.

$A$ cylindrical vessel of height $500 \ mm$ has an orifice (small hole) at its bottom. The orifice is initially closed and water is filled in it up to height $H$. Now the top is completely sealed with a cap and the orifice at the bottom is opened. Some water comes out from the orifice and the water level in the vessel becomes steady with the height of the water column being $200 \ mm$. Find the fall in height (in $mm$) of the water level due to the opening of the orifice.
[Take atmospheric pressure $= 1.0 \times 10^5 \ N/m^2$,density of water $= 1000 \ kg/m^3$ and $g = 10 \ m/s^2$. Neglect any effect of surface tension.]