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(D) Initial energy of the system,$U_i = \frac{1}{2} CV_1^2 + \frac{1}{2} CV_2^2 = \frac{1}{2} C(V_1^2 + V_2^2)$.When the capacitors are connected in p

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$\frac{1}{4} C(V_1 - V_2)^2$

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(D) Initial energy of the system,$U_i = \frac{1}{2} CV_1^2 + \frac{1}{2} CV_2^2 = \frac{1}{2} C(V_1^2 + V_2^2)$.When the capacitors are connected in parallel,the common potential is $V = \frac{CV_1 + CV_2}{C + C} = \frac{V_1 + V_2}{2}$.Final energy of the system,$U_f = \frac{1}{2}(2C)V^2 = C \left(\frac{V_1 + V_2}{2}\right)^2 = \frac{1}{4} C(V_1 + V_2)^2$.Decrease in energy,$\Delta U = U_i - U_f = \frac{1}{2} C(V_1^2 + V_2^2) - \frac{1}{4} C(V_1 + V_2)^2$.$\Delta U = \frac{1}{4} C [2V_1^2 + 2V_2^2 - (V_1^2 + V_2^2 + 2V_1V_2)]$.$\Delta U = \frac{1}{4} C(V_1^2 + V_2^2 - 2V_1V_2) = \frac{1}{4} C(V_1 - V_2)^2$.

Two identical capacitors have the same capacitance $C$. One of them is charged to potential $V_1$ and the other to $V_2$. The negative ends of the capacitors are connected together. When the positive ends are also connected,the decrease in energy of the combined system is

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