(N/A) $1$. To study fundamental biological processes: Transgenic models are used to study the regulation of genes and their effect on normal physiology and development, such as the study of complex growth factors like $IGF-I$ (Insulin-like Growth Factor-$I$) and $IGF-II$ to understand how they contribute to body growth.
$2$. To produce useful products: Transgenic animals are used to produce biological products. For example, the transgenic cow 'Rosie', produced in $1997$, produced human protein-enriched milk $(2.4 \text{ g/L})$. The milk contained the human alpha-lactalbumin, which is more nutritionally balanced for human babies than natural cow milk.