The resistance $\mathrm{R}=\frac{\mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{I}}$ where $\mathrm{V}=(200 \pm 5) \mathrm{V}$ and $I=(20 \pm 0.2) A$, the percentage error in the measurement of $R$ is :

Accuracy of measurement is determined by

What is called as relative error ? Define fractional error.

Two resistors of resistances $R_{1}=100 \pm 3$ $ohm$ and $R_{2}=200 \pm 4$ $ohm$ are connected $(a)$ in series, $(b)$ in parallel. Find the equivalent resistance of the $(a)$ series combination, $(b)$ parallel combination. Use for $(a)$ the relation $R=R_{1}+R_{2}$ and for $(b)$ $\frac{1}{R^{\prime}}=\frac{1}{R_{1}}+\frac{1}{R_{2}}$ and $\frac{\Delta R^{\prime}}{R^{\prime 2}}=\frac{\Delta R_{1}}{R_{1}^{2}}+\frac{\Delta R_{2}}{R_{2}^{2}}$

In an experiment, the values of refractive indices of glass were found to be $1.54, 1.53,$$1.44,1.54,1.56$ and $1.45$ in successive measurements, then Mean absolute error is 

The temperature of a metal coin is increased by $100^{\circ} C$ and its diameter increases by $0.15 \%$. Its area increases by nearly