The relation between half-life $(T)$ and decay constant $(\lambda)$ is

$A$ sample originally contained $10^{20}$ radioactive atoms,which emit $\alpha$-particles. The ratio of $\alpha$-particles emitted in the third year to that emitted during the second year is $0.3$. How many $\alpha$-particles were emitted in the first year?

The graph in the figure shows how the count-rate $A$ of a radioactive source as measured by a Geiger counter varies with time $t$. The relationship between $A$ and $t$ is (Assume $\ln 12 = 2.6$):

$90\%$ of a radioactive sample is left undecayed after time $t$ has elapsed. What percentage of the initial sample will decay in a total time $2t$ : ..............$\%$

$A$ piece of bone of an animal from a ruin is found to have $^{14}C$ activity of $12$ disintegrations per minute per gm of its carbon content. The $^{14}C$ activity of a living animal is $16$ disintegrations per minute per gm. How long ago nearly did the animal die? (Given half-life of $^{14}C$ is $t_{1/2} = 5760$ years)

$A$ radioactive substance has decay constants $\lambda_{\alpha}$ and $\lambda_{\beta}$ for $\alpha$ and $\beta$ emission,respectively. If the substance emits both $\alpha$ and $\beta$ particles,find the effective half-life of the substance.