The movement of a gene from one linkage group to another is called

When two unrelated individuals or lines are crossed, the performance of $F_1$ hybrid is often superior to both its parents. This phenomenon is called

With the help of an example, differentiate between incomplete dominance and co dominance.

Philadelphia chromosome'' is found in the patient suffering from

When whole blood is stored with an anticoagulant at $4^\circ C$, the ${K^ + }$ ions move out from the $RBC$ into the plasma. The most likely reasons for this is that