The induced electromotive force $(EMF)$ in a conducting coil does not depend on which of the following?

Two coils $C_{1}$ and $C_{2}$ are wrapped around a non-conducting cylinder. Coil $C_{1}$ is connected to a battery and a key $K$,and coil $C_{2}$ is connected to a galvanometer $G$. On pressing the key $K$,current starts flowing in the coil $C_{1}$. State your observations in the galvanometer for the following cases:
$(i)$ When key $K$ is pressed on.
$(ii)$ When current in the coil $C_{1}$ is switched off.
$(iii)$ When the current is passed continuously through coil $C_{1}$.
$(iv)$ Name and state the phenomenon responsible for the above observation. Write the name of the rule that is used to determine the direction of the induced current.

What are permanent magnets and electromagnets? Give two uses of each.

An electron enters a magnetic field at right angles to it as shown in the figure. The direction of force acting on the electron will be:

Differentiate between overloading and short-circuiting.

$(a)$ Electric fuse is an important component of all domestic circuits. Why?
$(b)$ An electric oven of rating $2 \, kW, 220 \, V$ is operated in a domestic circuit with a current rating of $5 \, A$. What result would you expect? Explain.