The heat of combustion of solid benzoic acid at constant volume is $-321.30 \ kJ$ at $27^{\circ} C$. Its heat of combustion at constant pressure is :

Represent the potential energy / enthalpy change in the following processes graphically.
$(a)$ Throwing a stone from the ground to the roof.
$(b)$ $\frac{1}{2} H_{2(g)} + \frac{1}{2} Cl_{2(g)} \rightarrow HCl_{(g)}$
In which of the processes is the potential energy/enthalpy change a contributing factor to the spontaneity?

Calculate $\Delta H$ in $kJ$ for the following reaction:
$C_{(s)} + O_{2(g)} \longrightarrow CO_{2(g)}$
Given that:
$H_2O_{(g)} + C_{(s)} \longrightarrow CO_{(g)} + H_{2(g)} ; \Delta H = +131 \ kJ$
$CO_{(g)} + \frac{1}{2} O_{2(g)} \longrightarrow CO_{2(g)} ; \Delta H = -282 \ kJ$
$H_{2(g)} + \frac{1}{2} O_{2(g)} \longrightarrow H_2O_{(g)} ; \Delta H = -242 \ kJ$

The heats of combustion of carbon and carbon monoxide are $-394 \, kJ \, mol^{-1}$ and $-285 \, kJ \, mol^{-1}$ respectively. Find the heat of formation of $CO$ in $kJ \, mol^{-1}$.

The enthalpy change for the conversion of $\frac{1}{2} Cl_{2(g)}$ to $Cl^{-}_{(aq)}$ is $......$ $kJ \, mol^{-1}$ (Nearest integer).
Given:
$\Delta_{dis}H^{\circ}_{Cl_{2(g)}} = 240 \, kJ \, mol^{-1}$
$\Delta_{eg}H^{\circ}_{Cl_{(g)}} = -350 \, kJ \, mol^{-1}$
$\Delta_{hyd}H^{\circ}_{Cl^{-(g)}} = -380 \, kJ \, mol^{-1}$

"The quantity of heat which must be supplied to decompose a compound into its elements is equal to the heat evolved during the formation of that compound from the elements." This statement is known as