The first ionization enthalpy values (in $kJ\,mol^{-1}$) of group $13$ elements are :
$B$ $801$
$Al$ $577$
$Ga$ $579$
$In$ $558$
$Tl$ $589$

How would you explain this deviation from the general trend?

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(N/A) On moving down a group,ionization enthalpy generally decreases due to an increase in the atomic size and shielding effect.
Thus,on moving down group $13$,ionization enthalpy decreases from $B$ to $Al$.
However,$Ga$ has a higher ionization enthalpy than $Al$ because $Ga$ follows the $d$-block elements.
The shielding provided by $d$-electrons is poor,which leads to a higher effective nuclear charge experienced by the valence electrons in $Ga$.
Moving from $Ga$ to $In$,the ionization enthalpy decreases due to the increase in atomic size.
Finally,from $In$ to $Tl$,the ionization enthalpy increases because $Tl$ follows the $4f$ and $5d$ orbitals.
The poor shielding effect of $f$ and $d$ electrons results in a higher effective nuclear charge,holding the valence electron more strongly.

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Similar Questions

The $1^{\text{st}}$,$2^{\text{nd}}$,and $3^{\text{rd}}$ ionization enthalpies $I_1, I_2$,and $I_3$ of four atoms with atomic numbers $n, n+1, n+2$,and $n+3$,where $n < 10$,are tabulated below. What is the value of $n$?
Atomic number $I_1$ $(kJ/mol)$ $I_2$ $(kJ/mol)$ $I_3$ $(kJ/mol)$
$n$ $I_1$ $I_2$ $I_3$
$n+1$ $1681$ $3374$ $6050$
$n+2$ $2081$ $3952$ $6122$
$n+3$ $496$ $4562$ $6910$
$n+4$ $738$ $1451$ $7733$

Which of the following elements has the highest value of first ionization enthalpy $(\Delta_i H_1)$?

Which of the following species has the lowest ionization potential?

The graph shows the variation of Ionization Potential $(I.P.)$ with Atomic Number $(At. No.)$ for elements $A$ to $E$. If these elements belong to the same group in the periodic table,identify the group.

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Given below are two statements:
Statement $I$: The decrease in first ionization enthalpy from $B$ to $Al$ is much larger than that from $Al$ to $Ga$.
Statement $II$: The $d$ orbitals in $Ga$ are completely filled.
In the light of the above statements,choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

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