Statement $A$: Convection involves flow of matter within a fluid due to unequal temperatures of its parts.
Statement $B$: $A$ hot bar placed under a running tap water loses heat due to the effect of convection within water.
Statement $C$: Heat transfer always involves a temperature difference between two systems.

Determine whether the following statements are True or False:
$(a)$ "Conduction stops once a rod achieves thermal steady state."
$(b)$ $A$ surface that is a good emitter is also a good absorber.
$(c)$ $A$ perfect black body must be black in color.
$(d)$ The value of heat capacity is the same under different conditions for a given matter.

The power radiated by a black body is $P$ and it radiates maximum energy around the wavelength $\lambda_0$. Now the temperature of the black body is changed so that it radiates maximum energy around wavelength $\left(\frac{\lambda_0}{2}\right)$. The power radiated by it will now increase by a factor of

One end of a uniform metal rod of length $100 \, cm$ is placed in ice and the other end is placed in boiling water. A point of the rod which is at a distance of $60 \, cm$ from the ice end is maintained at a constant temperature of $325^{\circ} C$. If $2 \, g$ of water is converted into steam per second, the mass of ice melted per second in steady state is (Latent heat of steam $= 6.75$ times latent heat of fusion of ice). (in $g$)

Two rods (one semi-circular and other straight) of the same material and of the same cross-sectional area are joined as shown in the figure. The points $A$ and $B$ are maintained at different temperatures. The ratio of the heat transferred through a cross-section of the semi-circular rod to the heat transferred through a cross-section of the straight rod in a given time is

Three identical rods $AB$,$CD$ and $PQ$ are joined as shown. $P$ and $Q$ are midpoints of $AB$ and $CD$ respectively. Ends $A, B, C$ and $D$ are maintained at $0^{\circ} C, 100^{\circ} C, 30^{\circ} C$ and $60^{\circ} C$ respectively. The direction of heat flow in $PQ$ is