The species having the maximum $Cl-O$ bond order is:

Consider the following pairs:

Order	Property
$(A)$ $NO_2 > O_3 > H_2O$	Bond angle
$(B)$ $H_2O > HF > NH_3$	Dipole moment
$(C)$ $I_2 > F_2 > N_2$	Bond length

Which of the above pairs are correctly matched?

Explain the formation of a chemical bond.

Match the scientists given in List-$I$ with their discoveries given in List-$II$.

List-$I$	List-$II$
$(1)$ Kossel and Lewis	$(A)$ $VSEPR$
$(2)$ Langmuir	$(B)$ Molecular Orbital Theory
$(3)$ Sidgwick and Powell	$(C)$ Covalent Bond
$(4)$ Heitler and London	$(D)$ Octet Rule
$(5)$ $F$. Hund and Mulliken	$(E)$ Valence Bond Theory

$A$ tin chloride $Q$ undergoes the following reactions (not balanced):
$Q + Cl^{-} \rightarrow X$
$Q + Me_3N \rightarrow Y$
$Q + CuCl_2 \rightarrow Z + CuCl$
$X$ is a monoanion having pyramidal geometry. Both $Y$ and $Z$ are neutral compounds. Choose the correct option$(s)$.
$(1)$ The central atom in $X$ is $sp^3$ hybridized
$(2)$ The oxidation state of the central atom in $Z$ is $+4$
$(3)$ The central atom in $Z$ has no lone pair of electrons
$(4)$ There is a coordinate bond in $Y$

Define the octet rule. Write its significance and limitations.