Select the correct match.

$(I)$ Interaction	$(II)$ Effect
$(a) (+, -)$	$(P)$ Amensalism
$(b) (-, -)$	$(Q)$ Commensalism
$(c) (-, 0)$	$(R)$ Predation
$(d) (+, 0)$	$(S)$ Competition

Explain the general information about population interaction and show the various outcomes observed between them.

Animals eating plants are categorised separately as $A$,they are in a broad ecological context,not very different from $B$. Choose the correct option for $A$ and $B$.

Which of the following mechanisms helps organisms protect themselves from predators?

$A$ female fig wasp enters the syconium of a fig,pollinates the flowers and lays eggs in the ovaries of some of the flowers. The young larvae grow up,eat (and kill) some,but not all of the seeds and complete their life cycle.
The fig is completely dependent on fig wasps to pollinate its flowers and the fig wasp requires figs to complete its life cycle.
The interaction between figs and fig wasps has aspects of:
$I.$ mutualism
$II.$ host-parasite interaction
$III.$ competition
$IV.$ ammensalism
$V.$ protocooperation
Select the correct option.

Sometimes parasites themselves are parasitised by other organisms. Such parasites are known as: