The potential energy of a particle is related to the $x$ coordinate by the equation $U = x^2 - 2x$. The particle will be in stable equilibrium at:

$A$ uniform chain of length $l$ and mass $m$ lies on the surface of a smooth hemisphere of radius $R$ $(R > l)$ with one end tied to the top of the hemisphere as shown in the figure. Gravitational potential energy of the chain with respect to the base of the hemisphere is

The potential energy of a particle of mass $5 \ kg$ moving in the $XY$ plane is given by $V = -7x + 24y$ joules,where $x$ and $y$ are in metres. Initially at $t = 0$,the particle is at the origin $(0, 0)$ moving with a velocity of $\vec{v}_0 = 6[0.24 \hat{i} + 0.7 \hat{j}] \ m/s = [1.44 \hat{i} + 4.2 \hat{j}] \ m/s$. Then:

The potential energy of a diatomic molecule is given by $U = \frac{A}{r^{12}} - \frac{B}{r^6}$,where $A$ and $B$ are positive constants. The distance $r$ between them at equilibrium is:

If the potential energy between two molecules is given by $U = -\frac{A}{r^6} + \frac{B}{r^{12}}$,then at equilibrium,the separation between the molecules and the potential energy are:

Given in the figures are examples of some potential energy functions in one dimension. The total energy of the particle is indicated by a cross on the ordinate axis. In each case,specify the regions,if any,in which the particle cannot be found for the given energy. Also,indicate the minimum total energy the particle must have in each case. Think of simple physical contexts for which these potential energy shapes are relevant.