Phenol,when it first reacts with concentrated sulphuric acid and then concentrated nitric acid,gives:

Explain how the $-OH$ group attached to the carbon of the benzene ring activates the benzene ring for electrophilic substitution reactions.

Which of the following has the highest solubility in water?

What are $X$ and $Y$ respectively in the following reaction sequence?
$C_6H_5N_2^+X^-$ $\xrightarrow{C_2H_5OH} X$ $\xrightarrow[\text{anhy. } AlCl_3]{CO, HCl} Y$

Which of the following statements is $NOT$ true for phenol?

Identify the reactant $x$ in the following chemical reaction:
$Phenol + (x) \xrightarrow[(2) H^+]{(1) NaOH} Salicylaldehyde$