Which of the following has the highest solubility in water?

The major product of the following reaction sequence is:
$C_6H_5OH \xrightarrow[(ii) NaOH, (iii) H^+]{(i) CHCl_3, NaOH(aq)} ?$

One mole of phenol is treated with dilute $HNO_3$ at $298 \ K$ to give a mixture of products. The mixture is separated by steam distillation. The steam volatile compound $(X)$ is separated. The increase in percentage of oxygen in $(X)$ with respect to phenol is . . . . . . $\times 10^{-1}$ %. (Given molar mass in $g \ mol^{-1}$: $H:1, C:12, N:14, O:16$)

Write the chemical equations for the following reactions:
$(i)$ Reimer-Tiemann reaction
$(ii)$ Kolbe's reaction

Identify the product formed in the reaction.
Phenol $+$ conc. $H_2SO_4$ $\xrightarrow{373 \ K}$ product

Phenol $\xrightarrow{Zn \, \text{dust}} X$ $\xrightarrow[Anhyd. \, AlCl_3]{CH_3Cl} Y$ $\xrightarrow{\text{Alkaline } KMnO_4} Z$. In the above reaction,what is $Z$?