(N/A) $(i)$ Biomagnification.
$(ii)$ High concentrations of $DDT$ disturb calcium metabolism in birds,which causes thinning of the eggshell and their premature breaking,eventually causing a decline in bird populations.
$(iii)$ No,$DDT$ accumulation does not directly lead to eutrophication. Eutrophication is primarily caused by nutrient enrichment (nitrogen and phosphorus) in water bodies.
$(iv)$ No,$DDT$ accumulation does not directly affect the $BOD$ (Biochemical Oxygen Demand). $BOD$ is a measure of organic matter pollution.
$(v)$ Diseases caused by heavy metal accumulation include:
$(1)$ Minamata disease: Caused by mercury $(Hg)$ poisoning.
$(2)$ Itai-itai disease: Caused by cadmium $(Cd)$ poisoning.
$(3)$ Black foot disease: Caused by arsenic $(As)$ poisoning.