Name the elements of the earth's magnetic field.

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(N/A) The earth's magnetic field at any point on the surface is completely specified by three physical quantities, which are known as the elements of the earth's magnetic field:
$1$. Magnetic Declination $(\theta)$: The angle between the geographic meridian and the magnetic meridian at a place.
$2$. Magnetic Inclination or Angle of Dip $(\delta)$: The angle made by the total magnetic field vector of the earth with the horizontal direction in the magnetic meridian.
$3$. Horizontal Component of the Earth's Magnetic Field $(B_H)$: The component of the earth's total magnetic field vector along the horizontal direction in the magnetic meridian.

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What are the Earth's magnetic elements? Define them and list them.

The values of the apparent angles of dip in two planes at right angles to each other are $45^{\circ}$ and $30^{\circ}$ respectively. The true value of the angle of dip at the place is ............

Answer the following questions:
$(a)$ The earth's magnetic field varies from point to point in space. Does it also change with time? If so,on what time scale does it change appreciably?
$(b)$ The earth's core is known to contain iron. Yet geologists do not regard this as a source of the earth's magnetism. Why?
$(c)$ The charged currents in the outer conducting regions of the earth's core are thought to be responsible for earth's magnetism. What might be the 'battery' (i.e.,the source of energy) to sustain these currents?
$(d)$ The earth may have even reversed the direction of its field several times during its history of $4$ to $5$ billion years. How can geologists know about the earth's field in such distant past?
$(e)$ The earth's field departs from its dipole shape substantially at large distances (greater than about $30,000\; km$). What agencies may be responsible for this distortion?
$(f)$ Interstellar space has an extremely weak magnetic field of the order of $10^{-12}\; T$. Can such a weak field be of any significant consequence? Explain.

Earth's magnetic field always has a horizontal component except at,or the horizontal component of Earth's magnetic field remains zero at:

The correct relation is:
$B_H$ = Horizontal component of earth's magnetic field; $B_V$ = Vertical component of earth's magnetic field and $B$ = Total intensity of earth's magnetic field.

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