Assertion : The true geographic north direction is found by using a compass needle.
Reason : The magnetic meridian of the earth is along the axis of rotation of the earth.

Answer the following questions:
$(a)$ The earth's magnetic field varies from point to point in space. Does it also change with time? If so,on what time scale does it change appreciably?
$(b)$ The earth's core is known to contain iron. Yet geologists do not regard this as a source of the earth's magnetism. Why?
$(c)$ The charged currents in the outer conducting regions of the earth's core are thought to be responsible for earth's magnetism. What might be the 'battery' (i.e.,the source of energy) to sustain these currents?
$(d)$ The earth may have even reversed the direction of its field several times during its history of $4$ to $5$ billion years. How can geologists know about the earth's field in such distant past?
$(e)$ The earth's field departs from its dipole shape substantially at large distances (greater than about $30,000\; km$). What agencies may be responsible for this distortion?
$(f)$ Interstellar space has an extremely weak magnetic field of the order of $10^{-12}\; T$. Can such a weak field be of any significant consequence? Explain.

$A$ dip needle lies initially in the magnetic meridian when it shows an angle of dip $\theta$ at a place. The dip circle is rotated through an angle $x$ in the horizontal plane and then it shows an angle of dip $\theta'$. Then $\frac{\tan \theta'}{\tan \theta}$ is

Define geographic meridian and magnetic meridian.

The value of the horizontal component of the earth's magnetic field and the angle of dip are $1.8 \times 10^{-5} \, Wb/m^2$ and $30^{\circ}$ respectively at a certain place. The total intensity of the earth's magnetic field at that place will be:

$A$ dip circle is at a right angle to the magnetic meridian. What will be the apparent dip in degrees?